University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Research in Psychopathology2783-32082620211101The effectiveness of mindfulness training program on the defense mechanisms of MS patients19148410.22098/jrp.2022.9254.1035ENHemanMahmoudfakheAssistant Professor of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Iran.PariyaSohrabiMaster of General Psychology, Payam-E-Noor University, IranArmanAmaniNursing expert, Orumieh, IranJournal Article20210720Multiple sclerosis is a progressive and degenerative disease of the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the central nervous system. MS patients have much higher levels of psychological disorders than healthy individuals that affect their quality of life. Defense mechanisms are strongly associated with the degree of stress tolerance in stressful situations, on the other hand, the experience of pain plays an important role in the mental health and quality of life of MS patients. The present study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of mindfulness on defense mechanisms in patients with MS. The population of the case group was people with MS in Urmia in 2019 who had medical and neurological records in hospitals. In this experimental study, the sample selected through availability sampling consisted of 40 MS patients who were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control groups. Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire (DSQ) was used to collect data. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that the differences between the means of the groups were significant for immature mechanisms (F = 22.649), mature mechanisms (F = 25.99), and psychiatric mechanisms. Thus, mindfulness training had affected defense mechanisms effectively. It is suggested that implementing the necessary training to MS patients and their family can enhance their mindfulness.https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_1484_667d955872ef9e33bfb82469a7d0b406.pdfUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Research in Psychopathology2783-32082620211101The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral intervention based on stress-induced immunization training on improving sleep quality and mental health of adults during covid-19 pandemic1016150110.22098/jrp.2022.10267.1058ENFatemehMeriMSc in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Tehran branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran.SaharSharifi ShahrivarMSc, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qods, Iran.VahidKuhiMSc in Educational Psychology, Khoy Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khoy, Iran.MozhganEtemadiMSc, Department of Psychology, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.MehrnooshKalaee RadMSc, Department of Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.SaraMousaviDepartment of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20220201Following the prevalence of the Covid-19 pandemic, people especially the elderly over the age of 65 are more vulnerable to the disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral intervention based on stress-induced immunization training in order to improve sleep quality and mental health of the older adults during pandemic lockdown. This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and a control group. The participants were 21 older adults with poor quality of sleep in Tehran, Iran during 2021-2022. This online study was carried out in the last week of July 2021. Snowball sampling was used to recruit the participants from one source to another. In order to develop an e-questionnaire, Whatsapp link was used, which contained close-ended items as well as Likert-scale questions on Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The individuals were randomly divided into experimental (n=12) and control groups (n=9). The experimental group was trained weekly on immunization against stress based on cognitive-behavioral principles (10 weekly sessions, 45 minutes), while the control group did not receive this training. After collecting data, SPSS V. 23 was used to analyze the data (p > .05). Demographic findings showed that the number of women was more than men (24.63% men and 75.37% women) and the Mean ± SD age in the experimental group was 64.52 ± 14.83 and in the control group it was 62.54 ± 13.55, which did not differ significantly in terms of this variable (p > .05). The results showed that cognitive-behavioral intervention based on stress-induced immunization training significantly improved sleep quality and mental health in the experimental group (p < .001). Overall, the stress immunization program is an effective way to improve sleep quality and the mental health of older adults during the pandemic lockdown. Therefore, it is recommended to focus on such intervention to help vulnerable groups during this pandemic.https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_1501_6e9bc5052c8e7f0c7ef74769869ce482.pdfUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Research in Psychopathology2783-32082620211101The effectiveness of social skills training based on cognitive-behavioral principles in changing coping strategies of middle school students1723148810.22098/jrp.2022.10058.1046ENMaghsoudNader PilehroudPhD Student in Clinical Psychology, Shahed University, Tehran, IranBahmanAslaniMA in psychology, Shahed University, Tehran, IranMasomehEsmaeiliMA in psychology, Shahed University, Tehran, IranMasomehEzadiniaMA in Clinical Psychology, Shahed University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20211229Stress is undoubtedly a part of students’ lives and it may impact their ways of coping with the demands of life, as a result, social skills and coping skills can help students in these situations. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of social skills training in changing students' coping strategies. The research method was experimental with pre-test-post-test and a control group. The population included middle school male students studying in Tehran during 2020-2021. In a multi-stage clustering sampling, 40 of them were selected and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. To measure students' coping strategies in this study, Parker and Andler coping strategies questionnaire (CSQ) was used and the data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in coping strategies after receiving social skills training. The results showed that among the coping styles, the problem-solving coping strategy scores increased and the emotion-oriented and avoidance styles decreased. The results showed the effectiveness of social skills training method on changing coping strategies of middle school students.https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_1488_0e106b04ab6381a155f229fcca65a9e7.pdfUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Research in Psychopathology2783-32082620211101Designing a model of nurses' vulnerability to stress based on attachment to God, positive and negative perfectionism and personal intelligence2430148910.22098/jrp.2022.10150.1051ENMozaffarGhaffariDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Payame Noor University (PNU), Iran.AhmadEsmaliDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Maraghe University, Maraghe, Iran.MahtabAligolipourDepartment of Nurses, Maraghe University of Medical Sciences, Maraghe, Iran.ZahraRamazaniDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch.Journal Article20220115This study was conducted to design a model of nurses' vulnerability to stress based on attachment to God, positive and negative perfectionism and personal intelligence. The sample of the study was 250 nurses of hospitals located in West Azerbaijan province who were selected using availability sampling. The data were collected through Miller and Smith's Stress Vulnerability Questionnaire (Miller & Smith 1985), Mayer's Personal Intelligence Questionnaire (2013), Beck and McDonald's Attachment Scale (2004) and Tri-Short et al.'s Perfectionism Questionnaire (1995). The structural equations and data analysis were performed using SPSS and Amos software using descriptive and inferential tests including Pearson correlation coefficient, Bootstrap and Sobel. The results showed that the following variables i.e. positive perfectionism, negative perfectionism and attachment to God interact with the mediating role of personal intelligence in explaining nurses' vulnerability to stress, which in total 35% of the variance of nurses' vulnerability to stress is explained through these variables. The direct effect of attachment to God (-0.36), personal intelligence (-0.48), positive perfectionism (-0.31) and negative perfectionism (0.38) on estimating nurses' vulnerability to stress was significant. Indirect effect of attachment to God (t-value = 2.53), positive perfectionism (t-value = 2.41) and positive perfectionism (t-value = 1.98) mediated by significant personal intelligence was observed.https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_1489_43193ed0fd1888aea4e1b31abba1fddb.pdfUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Research in Psychopathology2783-32082620211101The effect of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) an emotional suppression and negative affect in patients with treatment-resistant depression: a single-subject study3139149010.22098/jrp.2022.10218.1057ENRasoulHeshmatiDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranSolmazJavadpourDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Branch of Marand, Islamic Azad University, Marand, IranRasoulHajiSaghatiDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Branch of Marand, Islamic Azad University, Marand, IranSonaHaollahzadehDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20220125Emotional suppression and the experience of negative affect are the main problems of patients with treatment-resistant depression. In previous research, Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) has been recognized as one of the effective methods in patients with treatment-resistant depression. However, the role of ISTDP in emotional suppression and negative affect is not clear in these patients. The present study aimed to explore the effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy<em> </em>in the treatment of emotional suppression and negative affect using a single-subject study. Three patients with treatment-resistant depression diagnosis were selected by convenience sampling from psychotherapy clinics in Tabriz-Iran during a 3-month recruitment period in July 2019. In the next step, the participants underwent ten one-hour sessions of intensive short-term dynamic therapy. After each intervention process, the filled Weinberger Adjustment Inventory (WAI) and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). The results showed that intensive short-term dynamic therapy led to a reduction of negative affect and emotional suppression. Accordingly, it could be concluded that ISTDP is an effective method for ameliorating negative affect and emotional suppression in treatment-resistant depression.https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_1490_06f7594b0c105f961561a143262c08ec.pdfUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal of Research in Psychopathology2783-32082620211101The effectiveness of transactional analysis psychotherapy on negative automatic thoughts and optimism of female adolescents with social anxiety disorder4046149210.22098/jrp.2022.10092.1047ENZahraSolgiAssistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.MasoumehFalah NodehiInstructor, Educational Sciences and Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.NasrinKhaliliM.A., Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Naein Branch, Isfahan, Iran.SaraMousaviInstructor, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20220106In this study, transactional analysis psychotherapy was used to evaluate the effect of negative automatic thoughts and optimism on female adolescents with social anxiety disorder. It included female adolescents in district 6 of Isfahan in 2019-2020 who were referred to psychological clinics to treat social anxiety disorder and were chosen by purposive sampling. It was a quasi-experimental study with pre-post tests and a control group, where 24 female adolescents with social anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (12 in each group). Data collection instruments included Life Orientation Scale (LOT-R) and Negative Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (NATQ). The experimental group received an educational program during eight 90-minute weekly sessions; the control group did not receive any interventions. In both groups, questionnaires were administered before and after the intervention sessions. In addition, the data were analyzed using SPSS software, Version 19, using covariance analysis. The results showed that the experimental and control groups differed significantly regarding optimism during pretest control (F=23.573; p < .0001). Transactional analysis psychotherapy increased optimism among the experimental group because the mean optimism levels were higher than those of the control group. The results of the study suggest that transactional analysis psychotherapy is an effective method for treating social anxiety.https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_1492_3d3b6232b1dd5ae0c7e6927e489f6b1a.pdf