https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/ Journal of Research in Psychopathology en daily 1 Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_4407.html Suicidal thoughts are common in elderly, while few studies have been conducted on the psychological factors related to this issue. The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of social disconnection in the relation of cognitive flexibility with suicidal thoughts in the elderly. This research was a descriptive-correlational study. The population of this study included all elderly individuals in nursing homes in Ardabil City in 2024. Two hundred thirty-seven elderly individuals were selected using purposive sampling and participated in this study. To collect data, Dennis and Vander Wal Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Beck et al.'s Suicidal Thoughts Scale, and Saito et al.'s the Social Disconnection Scale were used. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling via the LISREL 8.8 software. The results of structural equating modeling showed that both cognitive flexibility and social disconnection had a significant direct effect on suicidal thoughts among the elderly. Furthermore, cognitive flexibility, through the mediation of social disconnection, had a significant indirect effect on suicidal thoughts (p<0.05). Furthermore, the fitness indexes showed that the hypothesized model has good fitness based on data. These results reveal that the low cognitive flexibility can indirectly expose individuals to suicidal thoughts through the creation of social disconnection. Based on these results, increasing cognitive flexibility and social connection are suggested for preventing suicidal thoughts in elderly. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_4069.html The present study was set out to explore the effectiveness of cognitive games in the executive functions and problem-solving skills of children aged 8 to11 years with specific learning disorders. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test assessments, the research involved 45 students selected through convenience sampling from special education and rehabilitation centers in Qazvin during the academic year of 2022-2023. Participants engaged in a game therapy intervention consisting of 12 sessions, each lasting 50 minutes, and were evaluated using the Tower of London and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Tests. Data analysis included multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance and paired t-tests, conducted using SPSS version 27. The results revealed no significant differences in the impact of cognitive games on executive functions and problem-solving skills among the three groups (dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia) (p > 0.05). However, cognitive games significantly improved the executive functions of the dyscalculia group from pre-test to post-test (p < 0.05), while effects on the dysgraphia and dyslexia groups were not significant (p > 0.05). Additionally, cognitive games positively influenced the problem-solving skills of children with dyscalculia and dysgraphia groups (p < 0.05), but had no significant effect on the dyslexia group (p > 0.05). Overall, the findings suggest that cognitive games can enhance executive functions and problem-solving skills in children with specific learning disorders, particularly in those with dyscalculia. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_4405.html Anxiety during pregnancy is a complex experience. Its early identification and addressing causes are essential for maternal and infant health. An effective questionnaire is crucial for measuring anxiety in pregnant women. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Stirling Antenatal Anxiety Scale (SAAS) among the Iranian population. The population of the present study consisted of all individuals aged 20 to 40 years who attended 7 obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Urmia, Iran, in 2024. The sample comprised 243 individuals who were selected through convenience sampling. To assess convergent and divergent validity, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSW), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were used. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability methods. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 and Amos software, version 20. The results indicated that the Stirling Antenatal Anxiety Scale had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.86 and a test-retest reliability of 0.84. The assessments of convergent and divergent validity of the Stirling Antenatal Anxiety Scale also confirmed the acceptable validity of the questionnaire in the sample. The findings suggest that the Stirling Antenatal Anxiety Scale is a reliable and valid tool for assessing pregnancy-related anxiety in the Iranian population, making it useful for both clinical and research settings. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_4400.html The objective of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of parent-child relationship therapy and Barkley’s parent training in family functioning and parenting stress of mothers of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. The current research study is applied in terms of purpose; the research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and a control group and one-month follow-up. The population included all mothers with a son with ADHD who were studying in one of the primary schools in Ahvaz in the academic year of 2021-2022. From among the population, 45 mothers were selected through random cluster sampling method. They were randomly assigned into parent-child relationship therapy (n = 15), Barkley's parent training (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. To collect data, SNAP  rating scale (the fourth edition), clinical interview based on Mental Disorders Diagnosis for ADHD (the fifth edition), Family Assessment questionnaire (Epstein, Baldwin and Bishop, 1983), and Parenting Stress questionnaire (Abidin, 1995) were used. The parent-child relationship group participated in ten 60-minute sessions, and Barkley’s parenting therapy group participated in fifteen 60-minute sessions. Data was analyzed using mixed analysis of variance using SPSS software, version 25. The results showed that there was no significant difference between parent-child relationship group and Barkley’s parent training therapy group in terms of family functioning and parenting stress in pretest, posttest and follow-up phases (p < 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between parent-child relationship and Barkley’s parent training therapy groups and the control group in the follow-up phase (p < 0.05). According to the results of the present study, parent-child relationship training and Barkley’s parent training therapy of mothers were effective in family functioning and parenting stress of mothers with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. It should also be noted that the effects of these two methods were greater on parenting stress. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_4406.html Neuroticism is a personality trait characterized by chronic emotional instability, anxiety, and depression, which significantly impairs quality of life. Neurocognitive interventions such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and pharmacotherapy offer promising treatment avenues, but their combined effects remain underexplored, especially in non Western contexts. This study aimed to examine and compare the effects of rTMS, pharmacotherapy (SSRI), and their combination on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive traits in adults with neuroticism in Tabriz, Iran. In a quasi‑experimental design, 60 participants (aged 20–50) with high neuroticism were randomly assigned to four groups: control, rTMS, pharmacotherapy, and combined treatment. The rTMS group received 10 Hz stimulation over the left DLPFC (65–75 % motor threshold) for 4 weeks. The pharmacotherapy group received escitalopram (20–40 mg/day) for 8 weeks. The combined group received both interventions simultaneously. Symptoms were assessed pre‑ and post‑intervention using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory‑II (BDI‑II), and Yale‑Brown Obsessive‑Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). Data was analyzed using ANOVA, ANCOVA, and MANOVA. MANCOVA revealed a significant overall treatment effect (Wilks’ Λ = 0.41, F(9,124.27) = 12.40,p < .001). Univariate analyses showed significant reductions in anxiety F(3,53) = 39.68,p < .001,η2 = .69, and depression, F(3,53) = 22.59,p < .001,η2 = .56, across treatment groups, with the combined treatment being most effective. No significant change was observed in obsessive‑compulsive symptoms F(3,53) = 1.16,p = .33). Both rTMS and pharmacotherapy are effective for reducing anxiety and depression in neuroticism, with combined treatment yielding superior outcomes. The lack of effect on obsessive‑compulsive traits suggests symptom specificity. These findings support integrated neurocognitive‑pharmacological approaches for managing neuroticism‑related distress. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_4068.html In children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), functional deficits are closely associated with emotional regulation problems, impulsivity, and recurrent patterns of hyperactivity and inattention. Art therapy has emerged as a supplemental intervention for children's emotional, behavioral, and developmental problems in the domains of human services and mental health. This systematic review set out to determine the effectiveness of art therapy in reducing the primary symptoms of ADHD in children. Using databases like SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, SPORTDiscus, and MEDLINE, a comprehensive literature review encompassing research conducted between 1921 and May 2023 was conducted. Based on the inclusion criteria, which required art therapy to be the primary intervention for managing ADHD symptoms, five studies were selected for analysis. The findings demonstrated that methods such as drawing, making mandalas, and keeping emotional diaries consistently enhanced social skills, attention, and emotional regulation, while also improving the four primary symptoms of ADHD: impulsivity, hyperactivity, inattention, and emotional dysregulation. According to these results, which are backed by psychological theories, incorporating art therapy into clinical settings, school programs, and at-home activities provides a useful, entertaining, and affordable alternative to traditional ADHD treatments. By putting such interventions into practice, kids can learn self-control, become more focused in class, and form stronger bonds with their peers. To optimize these advantages, future studies should improve procedures and assess long-term impacts. Therefore, future research is encouraged to consider this issue when designing interventions. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_4100.html Depression is one of the most important debilitating diseases that has involved a large number of people in the world today and affects their ability to function, thinking, emotions, and excitement. Several studies investigated the relationship between depression and self-conscious emotions, self-criticism and self-injury; however, investigating the mediating role of self-injury in the relation between self-conscious emotions and self-criticism with depression, as well as developing a suitable model for it, have been neglected. This research has been carried out with correlation design and using structural equation modeling method. The research sample was 724 people who were selected among the undergraduate students of Guilan University in the academic year of 2023-2024. The research tools included Beck et al.'s depression scale-2 (1996), Wiederman and Sanson's non-suicidal self-injury scale (1998), Tangney et al.'s self-conscious emotions scale (2000), and Thompson and Zuroff's self-criticism scale (2003). Data analysis was also done using path analysis method and bootstrap test. The research results have showed that the model has a good fit. Also, the research findings have showed that self-injury plays a mediating role in the relationship between self-conscious emotions and depression, as well as between self-criticism and depression (P<0.001). According to the obtained results, self-injury can intensify the negative effects of self-criticism and negative self-conscious emotions on depression. Therefore, these factors should be taken into consideration in planning prevention methods as well as educational and therapeutic programs and should be planned, compiled and implemented at the level of universities and higher institutions. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_3002.html The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy and self-compassion focused training on the levels of self-criticism in students with suicidal thoughts. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with an unequal control group. The statistical population of this study was all the students of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch in the academic year of 2022-2023, and after screening all students, 60 people were selected as a statistical sample through convenience sampling method; and by simple random sampling, they were replaced in three groups: the acceptance and commitment based therapy, the self-compassion focused training and control group, and each of the groups consisting of 20 people. In order to collect data, Beck suicide scale ideation and Self-Criticism Levels Scale were used. Data analysis was done with analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test with SPSS22 statistical software. The findings show that the both of the interventional methods had a significant effect on reducing the levels of the self-criticism (internal self-criticism, comparison self-criticism) in students with suicidal thoughts (P<0/01). The test result of Bonferroni post hoc indicated that there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of two interventional methods on the research variable (P>0/05). The results showed the usefulness of both treatment intervention methods based on acceptance and commitment based therapy and self-compassion focused training on reducing the levels of self-criticism in students with suicidal thoughts. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_3078.html Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a range of challenges in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. The current research was conducted to design family-based educational packages and evaluate their effectiveness in the behavioral deficits of children with ASD. The present research method was semi-experimental and its design was pre-test-post-test with the control group. The population of the study included all the parents of children with ASD who visited ASD treatment centers in Ardabil city in 2020. The study sample includes 40 parents selected using the purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The collection tools included a demographic information checklist and a preschool behavioral problem questionnaire Shahim and Yousefi (2008). The experimental group received ten 90-minute family-based educational package sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The data analysis was done by multivariate analysis of covariance and using SPSS-24 software. The results showed that family-based educational packages significantly reduced attention deficit (F=40.51), social interactions (F=37.50), social behavior (F=16.38), management of communication skills (F=17.42), learning disabilities (F=38.32), eye contact (F=39.04), and total behavioral deficiencies (F=122.19) in children with ASD (P<0.001). These results underscore the efficacy of family-based educational interventions as a valuable therapeutic approach for children with ASD. The comprehensive nature of the improvements, spanning attention, social interactions, communication skills, learning, and overall behavior, suggests that such interventions can have a holistic and positive impact on the lives of these children. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_3122.html The aim of the current study was to assess the effectiveness of group-based emotion regulation training on reducing deliberate self-harm (DSH) and improving social functioning among male adolescents of the correction and rehabilitation center in Tehran province in the year 2023. The method of current research was a semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group design. The sample consisted of 30 residents selected purposively based on entry and exit criteria, and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (each group including 15 individuals). The pre-test before the intervention and the post-test after the intervention were taken from both groups and follow-up was done after two months. The statistical method was analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni's post hoc test and was analyzed with SPSS-26 program. The results indicated that emotion regulation training intervention significantly differed in reducing DSH compared to the control group (p-value= 0.01, F = 6.94). In the comparison of times, this difference was obtained at a significance level of less than 0.05. (p-value< 0.001, F = 18.05). However, despite the relative increase of emotion regulation training did not show a significant difference in the improvement of social functioning (p-value= 0.07, F = 3.52). In the comparison of times, this significant difference was not achieved (p-value = 0.27 0.05, F = 1.25). Therefore, emotion regulation training program can serve as an effective method in reducing DSH, but it did not play a determinant role in improving social functioning. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_3145.html The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of moral reasoning and positive psychology training in reducing bullying behaviors in second- year high school students. The method of this research was carried out in a semi-experimental way with a pre-test, post-test design and a control group. Students of second- grade high school in Tabriz city were studied population in the academic year of 2023-2024. The Illinois Bullying Questionnaire (2001), was the method`s measurement tool. The students who scored higher than a cut-off point in this questionnaire were selected from the target statistical population. The next, 45 of them were divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). Each group consisted of 15 students. They were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research`s measuring tool was the Illinois Bullying Questionnaire (2001). The Training Model of Moral Reasoning and Positive Psychology was used as an intervention. The control group did not receive any intervention and waited for treatment. Data was analyzed by covariance statistical test through SPSS Software. The results showed a significant difference between experimental groups of moral reasoning and positive psychology training and the control group in terms of bullying in the post-test stage by adjusting the pre-test scores (P<0.05). Both groups` interventions Compared to the control group, have been effective in reducing student bullying. Also, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of two intervention groups (moral reasoning and positive psychology training) in reducing bullying (P>0.05). https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_3783.html Irritable adolescents have an increased risk of anxiety, depression, behavioral problems, and addiction. The researchers conducted the present study to assess the effectiveness of educating adolescents on addiction prevention through a school-based approach targeting emotional irritability in students. The research method was semi-experimental a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The research study included all (N=21) male students at the first secondary level in Karaj city in 2023. Researchers selected 30 students with a high addiction tendency from this population and assigned them to two experimental groups of 15 students each and one control group of 15 students through a random process. The participants of the experimental group received 8 90-minute sessions twice a week of the prepared educational package for addiction prevention, and the control group did not receive any intervention at the same time. The authors used the Emotional Irritability Questionnaire (IRQ) to collect data. We analyzed the data using the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measures in SPSS software.The results of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements show that there is a significant difference between the mean emotional excitability scores in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages in general (p<0.001); also, the interaction effect (0.89) of time and group membership in the emotional excitability variable is significant (p<0.001); in other words, the difference between emotional excitability scores in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up phases was significant in the entire research sample. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_3869.html The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on cognitive regulation of emotion, intolerance of uncertainty, and psychological flexibility in male students with social anxiety disorder. The present study is among the semi-experimental studies of pre-/post-test type with a three-month follow-up with control and experimental groups. The current study population included all male students with social anxiety disorder in Harris City in the first half of the academic year 2024. Thirty people were selected from this community by purposeful sampling based on the entry criteria and replaced in experimental and control groups. All the examined samples were in two groups: pre-/post-test and follow-up stages of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, intolerance of ambiguity, and completion of the Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire. The experimental group was treated with the emotional schema therapy package in 9 sessions of 90 minutes. The results were analyzed through multivariate covariance analysis with repeated measurements and SPSS27 software. The results showed that the experimental group, compared to the control group, after applying emotional schema therapy, obtained lower scores in non-adaptive cognitive strategies and higher scores in adaptive cognitive strategies, cognitive regulation of emotion, psychological flexibility, and intolerance of uncertainty. These results have been stable in the three-month follow-up. Based on the results, emotional schema therapy can be considered a therapeutic approach in this field. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_3950.html This study explored the effectiveness of Compassionate Mind Training (CMT) in enhancing the academic well-being of students with separation anxiety in boarding schools. Using a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design with a control group, the research involved 30 students from Mehraban City, East Azerbaijan Province, who scored above 60 on the separation anxiety diagnosis scale. Participants were divided into experimental and control groups, with the former receiving eight 1.5-hour CMT sessions. Academic well-being was measured using the Academic Well-being Scale by Tuominen-Soini et al. before and after the intervention.Results, analyzed using MANCOVA, showed a significant increase in academic well-being scores in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05). This highlights CMT's effectiveness in fostering positive emotions and adaptive behaviors, improving emotional regulation, and reducing negative emotions like anxiety and depression. By enhancing self-compassion, CMT helps students manage emotional distress, accept suffering, and practice self-care, leading to better academic experiences.The findings suggest that integrating CMT into educational curricula could significantly benefit students, particularly those in boarding schools, by promoting emotional resilience and academic well-being. This intervention offers a practical approach to addressing separation anxiety and improving overall student outcomes. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_4070.html This study aimed to examine the structural relationship between pathological personality dimensions and symptoms of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD), focusing on the mediating role of negative meta-emotion. This descriptive-correlational study was conducted using structural equation modeling. Participants included 349 undergraduate students from Tabriz and Azarbaijan Shahid Madani universities selected through stratified random sampling during the 2025 academic year. Data were collected using three validated instruments: the short form of the Pathological Personality Traits Questionnaire developed by Krueger et al., the Revised Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale developed by Prigerson et al., and the Meta-Emotion Questionnaire developed by Mitmansgruber et al. Data analysis was performed using AMOS version 24. The findings indicated that pathological personality dimensions had significant positive relationships with both negative meta-emotion and PGD symptoms. Moreover, negative meta-emotion significantly mediated the relationship between personality traits and PGD symptoms. Overall, the results underscore the contribution of pathological personality traits and negative meta-emotion in understanding and addressing prolonged grief within clinical contexts. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_4091.html Living with heart diseases is a significant challenge during lifetime, yet many patients have successfully managed that by enhancing positive psychological components such as lifestyle and treatment adherence. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on lifestyle and treatment adherence among cardiac patients. This applied study was conducted through a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and control group among cardiac patients in hospitals in Shiraz in 2023. The participants consisted of 45 cardiac patients who were selected through convenience sampling and assigned to three groups of 15 individuals each. The data was collected using the Health-Related Lifestyle Questionnaire by Walker and Hill-Perkins (1997) and the Treatment Adherence Scale by Seyed Fatemi et al. (2018). The results from repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS version 27 revealed that cognitive-behavioral therapy did not have a significant effect on lifestyle and treatment adherence (p > 0.05). These findings highlight the importance of using compassion-based approaches to improve the psychological health of cardiac patients. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_4098.html The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between body dysmorphic disorder symptoms and sexual functioning in women, through self-esteem. There fore, 378 married female students from University of Tabriz were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method. Data were collected using the Rosen Women's Sexual Functioning Questionnaire, the Littleton Body Image concern inventory (BICI), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). After statistical calculations using AMOS24 software and Structural equation metod. Data analysis indicated that the measured model had a good fit with the theoretical model, and self-esteem fully mediated the relationship. The results showed that there is no significant direct relationship between body dysmorphic disorder and sexual functioning in women. Additionally, there was a significant negative relationship between body dysmorphic disorder and self-esteem, as well as a significant positive relationship between self-esteem and sexual functioning in women. hence, it can be concluded that a decrease in self-esteem levels in women with body dysmorphic disorder may lead to the emergence or exacerbation of their sexual functioning issues, and by increasing self-esteem in these women, it is possible to prevent a decline in their sexual functioning. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_4099.html Borderline and antisocial personality disorders cause numerous cognitive and emotional problems. This study aimed to compare cognitive and emotional functions in individuals with these disorders. In this cross-sectional study, 30 participants were included: 15 with borderline personality disorder and 15 with antisocial personality disorder. Using QEEG, a 7-minute and 15-second resting-state EEG with closed eyes was recorded from each participant, and three minutes of artifact-free data were analyzed with NeuroGuide software. Participants also completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). QEEG analysis revealed distinct patterns of brain activity corresponding to the observed differences in cognitive and emotional functions between BPD and ASPD participants. Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in cognitive and emotional functions such as anxiety, sustained attention, mood, language, memory, mirror neurons, and selective attention, but no significant differences (P>0.05) in addiction reward, ventral attention, default mode, and pain. Executive function differences approached significance. Significant differences also emerged in DERS subscales related to goal-directed behavior, impulse control, lack of emotional awareness, and lack of clarity. Borderline participants showed poorer performance than antisocial participants in most cognitive and emotional skills, except mirror neurons and empathy. Except for emotional non-acceptance and limited access to strategies, the groups differed significantly in other emotion regulation subscales. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_4182.html The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of negative meta-emotion in the relation of sleep quality and affective temperaments with the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This research employed a descriptive-correlational design and was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population comprised of all students at University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during the 2024–2025 academic year, from whom 250 individuals were selected through multistage clustering random sampling. Data were collected by the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Composite Affective Temperament Scale, and the Negative Meta-Emotion Questionnaire. The data were analyzed via SPSS26 and LISREL8.8. Path analysis results indicated that poor sleep quality and the temperaments of anger and sensitivity were direct predictors of increased OCD symptoms, both independently and through the mediating role of negative meta-emotion The conceptual model demonstrated a good fit with the data. These findings highlight the role of negative meta-emotion as a cognitive-affective construct in the interaction between temperamental and biological factors in the development of obsessive-compulsive symptom. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_4448.html The present study aimed to examine the structural model of relationships between childhood trauma and rejection sensitivity with adolescents’ vulnerability to addiction, focusing on the mediating role of impulsivity. This research employed a descriptive-correlational design using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population consisted of all high school students (second period) in the city of Osku during the 2023–2024 academic year (N = 4,667). A total of 465 students were selected through multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire, the Impulsivity Scale, and the Addiction Risk Identification Questionnaire. The data were analyzed through Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using SPSS-21 and SmartPLS-3. The results indicated that the proposed model had a good fit. Childhood trauma and rejection sensitivity had a direct and significant effect on vulnerability to addiction (p < 0.05). Furthermore, childhood trauma exerted a significant indirect effect on vulnerability to addiction through the mediating role of impulsivity. Impulsivity also played a significant mediating role in the relationship between rejection sensitivity and vulnerability to addiction (p < 0.05). Childhood trauma and rejection sensitivity influence adolescents’ susceptibility to addiction both directly and indirectly through impulsivity. Therefore, addressing impulsivity in the context of childhood trauma and rejection sensitivity may play an important role in the prevention of adolescent addiction. https://jrp.uma.ac.ir/article_4517.html Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of short-term mentalization-based psychodynamic therapy on executive functions and resilience in children with cancer. Method: A quasi-experimental design with pretest–posttest and control group was used. Thirty children aged 5–8 years referred to Hazrat Ali-Asghar Children’s Hospital in Tehran were selected via purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group received six 90-minute parent–child therapy sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Executive functions and resilience were assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Data were analyzed using MANCOVA and ANCOVA. Results: The intervention significantly improved resilience (F = 30.85, p < 0.001, η² = 0.54) and executive functions (F = 12.77, p = 0.001, η² = 0.33) compared to the control group. Effect sizes indicated a strong impact on resilience and moderate-to-strong improvement in executive functions. Conclusion: Short-term mentalization-based psychodynamic therapy effectively enhances resilience and executive functions in children with cancer. By fostering emotion regulation, parent–child interaction, and understanding of illness-related experiences, this approach can serve as a valuable complementary psychological intervention in pediatric oncology settings. Keywords: mentalization-based therapy; executive functions; resilience; children with cancer