The role of chronotype (morning-evening) in predicting depression and suicidal ideation

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Master student, General Psychology, Zanjan University, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Psychology Department of Psychology Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of chronotype (morning-evening) in predicting depression and suicidal ideation. The method of this research is descriptive and correlational. The population of this research consists of all students of Shahid Madani University in the academic year 2020-2021, among whom 300 people were selected as the sample by availability sampling. Horn and Sternberg Evening-Morning Questionnaire (1976), Beck et al.'s Depression Scale (1961), and Beck Suicide Scale (1961) were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. The results of Pearson correlation indicated that there was a negative and significant relationship between chronotype variables and depression (r = -0.254) and also there was a positive and significant relationship between depression and suicidal ideation (r = 0.514). But the relationship between chronotype variables and suicidal ideation was not significant. The results of multivariate regression showed that the chronotype variable has 25% predictability of depression. The relationship revealed that chronotype variables and suicidal ideation was not statistically significant, but the indirect effect of chronotype through depression mediation was significant. Also, 26% of suicidal ideation was predictable through depression. The results indicated that having a chronotype in the evening has the ability to predict depression and with an evening chronotype the rate of depression increases. Also, the chronotype variable in the mediating role between depression and suicidal ideation can mediate the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation.

Keywords

References

Adan, A., Fabbri, M., Natale, V., & Pratt, G. (2006). Sleep beliefs scale (SBS) and circadian typology. J Sleep Res, 15, 125–132.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16704566/
Akram, U., Stevenson, J, G., Gardani, M., Akram, A., & Allen, S. (2019). Psychopathy and chronotype disposition:the mediating role of depression. Heliyon journal, 5 e02894.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6895668/
Amiri, S., & IsaZadegan, A. (2016). Assessment of affect and brain-behavioral systems based on cycle of morningness and eveningness. Contemporary psychology, 10(2(20)), 101-112. (Persian).
https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=279613
Antypa, N., Vogelzangs, N., Meesters, Y., Schoevers, R., & Penninx, B. W. (2016). Chronotype associations with depression and anxiety disorders in a large cohort study. Depress & Anxiety, 33 (1), 75–83.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/da.22422
Arns, M.,   Kooij, J. S., & Coogan, A. (2021). Review: Identification and Management of Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders as a Transdiagnostic Feature in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 60(9), 1085–1095. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856721000599
Arns, M., Kooij, S., & Coogan, A. N. (2021).  Rhythm Sleep Disorders as a Transdiagnostic Feature in Child and Adolescent Psychiatr. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 60. (9) 1085-1095. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856721000599
Au, J., & Reece, J. (2017). The relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis.  Journal of affective disorders, 218, 93–104.https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-relationship-between-chronotype-and-depressive-AuReece/724a0fdff0698f8110ec909cd1092545d79478ca
Bahirooz, A., & Haghayegh, A. (2019). Comparison of suicidal ideation and stress levels between depressed students with morning and evening time types. SHENAKHT JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY, 6(1), 64-74. (Persian). https://www.sid.ir/EN/JOURNAL/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=683445
Balázs, J., Miklósi, M., Keresztény, Á. Hoven, C. W., Carli, V., Wasserman, C. ... & Cotter, P. (2013). Adolescent subthreshold‐depression and anxiety: Psychopathology, functional impairment and increased suicide risk. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(6), 670-677.
https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcpp.12016
Becker, S. P., Dvorsky, M.R., Holdaway, A.S. & Luebbe, A.M. (2018). Sleep problems and suicidal behaviors in college students. Journal of Psychiatric Research, S0022-3956(17), 122-128. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022395617311007?via%3Dihub
Díaz-Morales J. F., & Pilar Sánchez-López M. (2008). Morningness eveningness and anxiety among adults: A matter of sex/gender? Personality and Individual Difference, 44(6), 1391-1401.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235407996_Morningness-eveningness_and_anxiety_among_adults_A_matter_of_sexgender
Gaspar-Barba, E., Calati, R., Cruz-Fuentes, C. S., Ontiveros-Uribe, M. P., Natale, V., De Ronchi, D., & Serretti, A., (2009). Depressive symptomatology is influenced by chronotypes. J. Affect. Disord, 119 (1), 100-106.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19285347/
Gau, S. S.-F., Shang, C.-Y., Merikangas, K. R., Chiu, Y.-N., Soong, W.-T., & Cheng, A.T.-A., (2007). Association between morningness-eveningness and behavioral/emotional problems among adolescents. J. Biol. Rhythms, 22 (3), 268–274.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17517916/
Goldberg, X., Serra-Blasco, M., Vicent-Gil, M., Aguilar, E., Ros, L., Arias, & et al. (2019). Childhood maltreatment and risk for suicide attempts in major depression: a sex-specific approach. European journal of psychotraumatology, 10(1), 1603557.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332931651_Childhood_maltreatment_and_risk_for_suicide_attempts_in_major_depression_a_sex-specific_approach
Haraden, D. A., Mullin, B.C., & Hankin B. L. (2018). The relationship between depression and chronotype: a longitudinal assessment during childhood and adolescence. Depress & Anxiety, (34), 967–76.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5718206/
Haroz, E. E., Ritchey, M., Bass, J. K., et al. (2017). How is depression experienced around the world? A systematic review of qualitative literature. Social Science & Medicine, 183, 1-12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28069271/
Hashemi Nasr, M. (2017). The relationship between chronotype and depression in working day employees of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (Persian).
Hasler, B. P., Allen, J., Sbarra, D. A., Bootzin, R.R., & Bernert, R, A., (2011). Morningness-eveningness and depression: Preliminary evidence for the role of BAS and positive affect. Psychiatry Res, 176(2-3), 166–173.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2844473/
Kalb, R., Feinstein, A., Rohrig, A., Sankary, L., & Willis, A. (2019). Depression and suicidality in multiple sclerosis: red flags, management strategies, and ethical considerations. Current neurology and neuroscience reports,  19(10),77.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6713681/
Kivela, L., Papadopoulos, M. R., & Antypa, N. (2018). Chronotype and Psychiatric Disorder. Current Sleep Medicine Reports, 4:94–103.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5972175/
Lee, Y. J., Kim, S. J., Cho, I. H., Kim, J. H., Bae, S. M., Koh, S. H., & Cho, S.J. (2009). A study on the relationship between sleep duration and suicidal idea in an urban area of South Korea. Sleep Med. Psychophysiol. 16 (2), 85–90. https://www.koreamed.org/SearchBasic.php?RID=0101SMP%2F2009.16.2.85&DT=1
Mohammadi, N., Qamrani, A., & Yarmohammadian, A. (2016). The effect of morning-evening circadian rhythms on students' behavioral problems and sleep quality, University of Isfahan.  2 (3), 25-34. (Persian). http://jpen.ir/article-1-111-fa.html
Park, H., Lee, H-K., & Lee,k.  (2018). Chronotype and Suicide: The mediating effect of depressive symptoms. Psychiatry Research, 269, 316-320. https://europepmc.org/article/MED/30172189
Pilz, L. k., Carissimi, A., Oliveira, M. A., Paula Francisco, A., Fabris, R. C., Medeiros, M. S.,& et al. (2018). Rhythmicity of Mood Symptoms in Individuals at Risk for Psychiatric Disorders. Scientific Reports, 8, 11402.  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-29348-z
Rahafer, A., Sadeghi, M., Sadeghpour, A., & Mirzaei, Sh. (2012). Evaluation of psychometric properties of the Persian version of the MEQ morning-evening questionnaire. (Persian).
https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=208892
Rice, F., Riglin, L., Lomax, T., Souter, E., Potter, R., Smith, D.J, & et al. (2019). Adolescent and adult differences in major depression symptom profiles. Journal of Affective Disorders, 243:175–181. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/168639/
Richardson, G., & Tata, B. (2005). Hormonal and pharmacological manipulation of circadian clock: recent development and future strategies. 3:S77-85. https://europepmc.org/article/MED/10809190
Selvi, Y., Aydin, A., Atli, A., Boysan, M., Selvi, F., Besiroglu, L. (2011). Chronotype differences in suicidal behavior and impulsivity among suicide attempters. Chronobiol. Int, 28 (2), 170–175.https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Chronotype-Differences-in-Suicidal-Behavior-and-Selvi-Ayd%C4%B1n/b438a20672e8c25cc2868ef0dd4dcf2d1008ca37#citing-papers  
Selvi, Y., Aydin, A., Boysan, M., Atli, A., Agargun, M.Y., Besiroglu, L. (2010). Associations between chronotype, sleep quality, suicidality, and depressive symptoms in patients with major depression and healthy controls. Chronobiol. Int, 27 (9-10), 1813–1828. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20969525/
Sevi, B., Urganci, B., & Sakman, E. (2021). Who cheats? An examination of light and dark personality traits as predictors of infidelity. Personality and Individual Differences, 164, 110126. http://repository.bilkent.edu.tr/handle/11693/75818
Simpkin, Ch. T., Jenni, O. G., Carskadon, M. A.,  Wright, K. P.,  Akacem, L. D.,  Garlo, K. G.,& et al. (2014). Chronotype is Associated with the Timing of the Circadian Clock and Sleep in Toddlers. J Sleep Res, 23(4), 397–405.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4117798/
Tsaousis, I. (2010). Circadian Preferences and Personality Traits: A Meta-Analysis. European Journal of Personality, 24, 356–373.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/per.754
Van den Berg, J.F., Kivelä, L., Antypa, N. (2018). Chronotype and depressive symptoms in students: an investigation. of possible mechanisms. Under review Chronobiology International, 35(9), 1248–1261.https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-23725-001
Wang, M., Kou, C., Bai, W., Song, Y., Liu, X., Yu, W., & Li, W. (2019). Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among college students: a mental health survey in Jilin Province, China. Journal of affective disorders, 246, 166-173.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032718313624?via%3Dihub
Yesilyaprak, N., Batmaz, S., Yildiz, M., Songur, E., & Akpinar Aslan, E. (2019). Automatic thoughts, cognitive distortions, dysfunctional attitudes, core beliefs, and ruminative response styles in unipolar major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: a comparative study. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 29(4), 854-863. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24750573.2019.1690815
Ziaee, M., Amiri, Sh., Mulavi, H. (2007) Relationship between night type of day type scores and students' reaction time in the morning and evening. Cognitive Science News, 9, 47-53.https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=70068
Journal of Research in Psychopathology
Volume 3, Issue 7
February 2022
Pages 10-16

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics