The effectiveness of psychological care program in reducing the severity of symptoms of depression problems in the elderly

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Student of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3 Associate professor,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

Depression is one of the most common psychological symptoms in the elderly. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological care program in reducing depression in the elderly. The present study is fundamental-applied research in terms of aim and is considered as quasi-experimental research. The population of the study consisted of all elderly with depression symptoms living in nursing homes in Tehran. The sample was purposefully selected to be 30 people. They were divided into two groups of experimental and control (15 people in each group). The instruments used in this study were the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and the Elderly Psychological Care Program. First, all the participants in the experimental and control groups completed the BDI-II, and then the educational intervention was implemented by the intervener on the experimental group during seven sessions based on the elderly psychological care program, and the control group did not receive any intervention. In the posttest phase, both experimental and control groups were tested again through BDI-II. The results of one-way analysis of covariance showed that seven-session training of psychological care program was significantly effective in reducing depression in the elderly. Psychological care program creates new behaviors by activating all cognitive, physical and emotional components of neural pathways and by teaching the skills, it provides a framework for understanding emotional experiences. Also, it reduces depression in the elderly and increases their quality of life by increasing motivation to participate and change.

Keywords

References

Abdi, R., Chalabianloo, G., & Joorbonyan, A. )2015). The Role of Perfectionism as a Transdiagnostic Factor in the Prediction of Emotional Disorders Symptoms Severity. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 17(2) , 103-111. http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-279-en.html
Abdi, R., Bakhshipour, A., Mahmood Alilou, M., & Farnam, A . (2013). Efficacy evaluation of unified transdiagnostic treatment in Patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Res Behave Sci, 11( 5), 375 -390.
Anniko, M., & Fielding, L. B. (2011). Stressing emotions:A single subject design study testing an emotion-  focused transdiagnostic treatment for stress-related ill health. Örebro Universitet.
Bakhshipour, A., Vojoodi, B., Mahmoud Alilo, M., & Abdi, R.( 2016). The effectiveness of integrated Transdiagnostic Treatment in reducing the symptoms of major depressive disorder. Thought & Behavior in Clinical Psychology , 9(41),67-76 https://jtbcp.riau.ac.ir/article_1023_en.html
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brawn, G. K.(1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. The Psychological Corporation. Harcourt Brace & Company, San Antonio. Texas. http://www.nctsn.org/content/beck-depression-inventory-second-edition-bdi-ii
Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. A proposal for a dimensional classification system based on the shared features of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: Implications for assessment and treatment. Psychological Assessment.2009, 21, 256-271. doi:10.1037/a0016608
Bullis, J. R., Fortune, M. R., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. A preliminary investigation of the long-term outcome of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders. Comprehensive Psychiatry.2014; 5(5), 1920–1927. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.07.016
Castel, A. D., Balota, D. A., McCabe, D. P. (2007). Memory efficiency and the strategic control of attention at encoding: Impairments of value-directed remembering in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology, 23, 297-306. doi:10.1037/a0014888
De Ornelas Maia, A. C. C., Nardi, A. E., & Cardoso, A.( 2011). The utilization of unified         protocols in behavioral cognitive therapy in transdiagnostic group subjects: A  clinical trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 17(2) ,179–183. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.023
Ellard, K. K., Fairholme, C. P., Boisseau, C. L., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H.( 2010). Unified protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: Protocol   development and initial outcome data. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice,17(1),  88-101. doi:10.1016%2Fj.cbpra.2009.06.002
Fairholme, C. P., Boisseau, C. L., Ellard, K. K., Ehrenreich, J. T., & Barlow, D. H. (2009). Emotions, emotionregulation and psychological treatment: A unified perspective. In A. M. Kring, D. M. Sloan, Editors.Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment. NewYork: Guilford Press, 283-309.
Fata, L., Birashk ,B., Atefvahid, M K., Dabson, K S.( 2005). Meaning Assignment Structures/ Schema, Emotional States and Cognitive Processing of Emotional Information: Comparing Two Conceptual Frameworks. IJPCP. 11 (3) http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.html
Gasemzade, H., Karamghadiri, N., Sharifi, V., Norozian M, Mojtabaei, R., & Ebrahinkhani, N. (2005). Cognitive  neuropsychological and neurological functions of obsessive-compulsive patients with and without depressive symptoms in comparison with normal group. J Cognitive Science News,7(3),1-15 doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(03)00107-2
Hatamian, P., & Tabatabaei, S. K. R.( 2020). Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy and Meta-Cognitive‌ Therapy based on Training on Emotion Regulation and Anxiety Sensitivity in Elderly with Heart Disease. Elderly Health Journal, 6(2), 78-84 https://ehj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.pdf
Kessler, R. C., Walters, E. E., & Wittchen, H. U.( 2004). Epidemiology. In: Heimberg, RG, Turk CL, Mennin DS, Editors. Generalized anxiety disorder: Advances in research and practice. New York: Guilford Press, 29–50. doi:10.1093/med/9780199395125.003.0022
Mansell, W., Harvey, A., Watkins, E., Shafran, R.( 2009). Conceptual foundations of the transdiagnostic approach to CBT. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23,6 –19
Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., Turk, C. L., Fresco, D. M., & Ritter, M. R.( 2008). Is generalized anxiety disorder an anxiety or mood disorder? Considering multiple factors as we ponder the fate of GAD.Depression and Anxiety,25, 289-299. doi:10.1002/da.20493
Moeini, P., Malihi Alzakerini, S., Asadi, J., & Khajvand Khosheli, A. (2021). The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Metacognitive Education and Treatment and Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management on Feeling of Cohesion and Depression in the Spouses of Substance-Dependent Men. Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction, 15(59), 173-204 doi:10.52547/etiadpajohi.15.59.173
Momeni, F., Shahidi, SH., Mootabi, F., & Heydary, M. (2014). Psychometric properties of a Farsi   version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Contemporary Psychology , 8(2), 27-40 http://bjcp.ir/browse.php?a_id=386&sid=1&slc_lang=en
Mueller,  TI. , Kohn, R. , Leventhal, N. , LeonM  AC., Solomon, D., Coryell, W., et  al. (2004). The course of depression in elderly patients. The American journal psychiatry of geriatric psychiatry, 12(1),22-9 doi:10.1111%2Fpcn.13485
Otared, N., mikaeili, N., mohajeri, N., vojoudi, B. (2017). The Effect of Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment on Anxiety Disorders and Comorbid Depression: Single-Case Design. Jms, 4 (4),54-62 http://jms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-383-en.html
Thayer, JF., Yamamoto, SS., Brosschot, JF.( 2010;). The relationship of autonomic imbalance, heart rate variability and cardiovascular disease risk factors. International journal of cardiology, 141(2),122-31 doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.09.543
Sauer-Zavala, S., Bentley, KH., Wilner, JG. (2019). Chapter 13 - Conceptualizing Borderline Personality Disorder Within an Emotional Disorders Framework: Implications for Treatment With the Unified Protocol, Case Formulation for Personality Disorders. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Academic Press, 245-263 doi:10.1521/pedi_2015_29_179
Sarokhani, D., Parvareh, M., Dehkordi, AH., Sayehmiri, K.( 2018). Prevalence  of depression among Iranian elderly: Systematic review meta- analysis . Iranian journal of psychiatry,13(1) , 55-45 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5994231/
Siu, A. L., Bibbins-Domingo, K., Grossman, D. C., Baumann, L. C., Davidson, K. W., Ebell, M., ... & Krist, A. H. (2016). Screening for depression in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Jama, 315(4), 380-387 doi:10.1001/jama.2015.18392
Song, C. Q., Zhang, Y. Y., & Wu, Z.( 2021).  Effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on psychological status and sleep quality of elderly patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease during COVID-19 pandemic. World Chinese Journal of Digestology, 29(41),48-52 doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110144
Varkovitzky RL., Sherrill, AM., Reger, GM. (2018). Effectiveness of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders among Veterans with journal of cardiology, 141(2),122-31 doi:10.1177/0145445517724539
Wilamowska, Z. A., Thompson-Hollands, J., Fairholme, C. P., Ellard, K. K., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2010). Conceptual background, development, and preliminary data from the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 27(10),882–90 doi:10.1016%2Fj.cbpra.2009.09.003
Xinghua, F, Xiaoyi F, Yuesheng H, Fengju C, Si Y. (2018). The influence mechanism of parental care on depression among left-behind rural children in China: A longitudinal study. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 50(9), 1029-1040. https://journal.psych.ac.cn/acps/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.01029
Zhu, J. (2021) . Can Mindfulness Improve Sleep Quality in Older Adults? a Mediation Model of Rumination and Anxiety. 5th International Conference on Education, Management and Social Science. https://webofproceedings.org/proceedings_series/ESSP/EMSS%202021/WHCP21A180.pdf

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics