The effectiveness of compassion therapy and meta-cognitive therapy on the level of nurses' meta-emotion

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Psychology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran. Faculty Member, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Urmia branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran

Abstract

Tough and most intense job conditions make nurses unable to control negative emotion and meta-emotion and weaken their job performance. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of compassion therapy and meta-cognitive therapy on nurses’ meta-emotion levels. The research method was experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. The sample included 60 nurses from hospitals in Tabriz in 2022, and they were randomly assigned to three groups of compassion therapy, meta-cognitive therapy and the control group. To collect the data, Mitmansgruber et al.’s (2009) meta-emotions scale was used. Then, the data were analyzed using the mixed analysis of variance model, Tukey's and Bonferroni's post hoc tests with the use of SPSS statistical software (version 22). The results showed that the effect of time factor on the amount of meta-emotion and its dimensions is significant. In other words, except compassion and interest, the amount of other dimensions of meta-emotions has decreased from pre-test to follow-up. Also, the interaction effect of time and group indicated that there was a significant difference between the compassion therapy and meta-cognitive therapy and control groups in the amount of anger (p < 0.000; F=20.98; Partial Eta2=0.424), shame (p < 0.000; F=17.47; Partial Eta2=0.380), anger control (p < 0.000; F=21.39; Partial Eta2=429), suppression (p < 0.000; F=8.93; Partial Eta2=0.329), compassion (p < 0.000; F=21.51; Partial Eta2=0.430) and interest (p < 0.000; F=36.79; Partial Eta2=0.564). But, no significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of these two interventions in reducing and increasing the amount of nurses’ meta-emotions. Considering the effectiveness of compassion and meta-cognitive therapys on the level of nurses’ meta-emotion, it seems that the application of compassion-based therapy and meta-cognitive therapy interventions will improve and moderate the level of meta-emotion in nurses.

Keywords

References

Araghi, Y., Bazzazian, S., Amirimajd, M., & Ghamari, M. (2020). Comparing the effectiveness of meta-cognitive education group and acceptance and commitment therapy on hopelessness of divorcing demanding couples. Culture Counseling, 11 (43), 237-266. doi: 10.22054/qccpc.2020.50396.2329
Azizi, H., Alazemani, F., & Ahmadi, Y. (2020). Importance of monitoring the health of patients by nurses and their impact on the quality of nursing care services to the patient. Quarterly Journal of Nursing Management, 1(9), 76-84.  
Babaei, K., Mikaeli, F., Pezeshki, H., Bafande, H., & Abdi, H. (2017). Relationship between mindfulness and meta-emotion on predicting emotional adjustment of novice nurses. Iran Journal of Nursing, 30 (105), 11-22. http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2403-en.html
Bailen, N. H., Wu, H., & Thompson, R. J. (2019). Meta-emotions in daily life: Associations with emotional awareness and depression. Journal of Emotion, 19(5), 776-787. doi: 10.1037/emo0000488
Breiner, C. E., Scharmer, C., Zon, C., & Anderson, D. (2022). The moderating role of self-compassion on the relationship between emotion-focused impulsivity and dietary restraint in a diverse undergraduate sample. Eating Behaviors, 101650. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101650
Cheraghpour, R., Hejazi, S. N., & Mohammadi, A. (2021). Structural model of social health of nurses in health centers based on cultural intelligence variables and religious values, a case study: Health centers in the south of Kerman Province. IJPN, 9 (2), 41-51. http://ijpn.ir/article-1-1652-en.html 
Delavar, A. (2012). Research method in psychology and educational sciences. Arasbaran Publications.   
Faija, C. L., Reeves, D., Heal, C., Capobianco, L., Anderson, R., & Wells, A. (2019). Measuring the cognitive attentional syndrome in cardiac patients with anxiety and depression symptoms: Psychometric properties of the CAS-1R. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2109.doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02109
Finlay‐Jones, A. L. (2017). The relevance of self‐compassion as an intervention target in mood and anxiety disorders: A narrative review based on an emotion regulation framework. Clinical Psychologist, 21(2), 90-103. doi: 10.1111/cp.12131
Fisher, P. L., Byrne, A., Fairburn, L., Ullmer, H., Abbey, G., & Salmon, P. (2019). Brief metacognitive therapy for emotional distress in adult cancer survivors. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 162. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00162
Germer, C. K. (2009). The mindful path to self-compassion: Freeing yourself from Destructive thoughts and emotions. Routledge.  
Ghasemi, N., Goudarzi, M., & Ghazanfari, F. (2019). The effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on cognitive emotion regulation, shame and guilt-proneness and mindfulness components in patients with mixed anxiety-depression disorder. Clinical Psychology Studies, 9 (34), 145-166.  
Hashemi, S., Vahedian Azimi, A., & Mahmoudi, H. (2021). Clarifying the concept of the role of the specialist nurse in the intensive care unit: Analyzing the concept with the Rogers Approach. Iranian Journal of Systematic Review in Medical Sciences, 1(2), 75-88.  
Hurrell, K. E., Houwing, F. L., & Hudson, J. L. (2017). Parental meta-emotion philosophy and emotion coaching in families of children and adolescents with an anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45(3), 569-582. doi: 10.1007/s10802-016-0180-6
Jadhav, N., Manthalkar, R., & Joshi, Y. (2017). Effect of meditation on emotional response: An EEG-based study. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 34, 101-113. doi: 10.1016/j.bspc.2017.01.008
Jamshidi, Z. & Sadeghi, H. (2021). Nursing challenges and barriers to promotion health community: Narrative review. Iranian Journal of Systematic Review in Medical Sciences, 1(2), 20-29.   
Koohneshin taromi, F., Afsharinia, K., Kakabraee, K. (2021). Comparison of the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy (ACT) and Meta-Diagnostic Therapy in reducing emotional problems and increasing life satisfaction in nurses. Psychological Methods and Models, 12 (43), 55-69. doi: 10.30495/jpmm.2021.4729
Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Batts Allen, A., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: the implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of personality and social psychology, 92(5), 887. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.887
Mansell, W., Barnes, A., Grant, L., & De Sousa, L. M. (2020). Do meta-emotion strategies and their effects vary in students between their family home and their university home? Current Psychology, 1-11. doi: 10.1007/s12144-020-00996-7
Mansueto, G., Marino, C., Palmieri, S., Offredi, A., Sarracino, D., Sassaroli, S., ... & Caselli, G. (2022). Difficulties in emotion regulation: The role of repetitive negative thinking and metacognitive beliefs. Journal of Affective Disorders, 308, 473-483.
McPhillips, R., Salmon, P., Wells, A., & Fisher, P. (2019). Qualitative analysis of emotional distress in cardiac patients from the perspectives of cognitive behavioral and metacognitive theories: why might cognitive behavioral therapy have limited benefit, and might metacognitive therapy be more effective? Frontiers in psychology, 9, 2288. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02288
Miceli, M., & Castelfranchi, C. (2019). Meta-emotions and the complexity of human emotional experience. New Ideas in Psychology, 55, 42-49. doi: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2019.05.001
Mitmansgruber, H., Beck, T. N., Höfer, S., & Schüßler, G. (2009). When you don’t like what you feel: Experiential avoidance, mindfulness and meta-emotion in emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(4), 448-453. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2008.11.013
Neff, K. D. (2022). Self-Compassion: Theory, method, research, and intervention. Annual Review of Psychology, 74,45-56. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-032420-031047
Nordahl, H., & Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder: An A–B replication series across social anxiety subtypes. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 540. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00540
Norman, E., & Furnes, B. (2016). The concept of meta-emotion‖: What is there to learn from research on metacognition? Emotion Review, 8(2), 187-193. doi: ;10.1177/1754073914552913
Ojala, M. (2021). Safe spaces or a pedagogy of discomfort? Senior high-school teachers’ meta-emotion philosophies and climate change education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 52(1), 40-52. doi: 10.1080/00958964.2020.1845589
Rezai, N.M., Parsai, I., Najati, A., Nik Amal, M &  Hashemi Rosini, S(2014). Validity and psychometrics of the meta-emotion scale in student. Two Quarterly Journals of Psychological Research, 6(23), 111-124.
Rockliff, H., Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Lightman, S., & Glover, D. (2008). A pilot exploration of heart rate variability and salivary cortisol responses to compassion-focused imagery. Clinical Neuropsychiatry: Journal of Treatment Evaluation, 5(3), 132–139.
Shenaar-Golan, V., Gur, A., & Yatzkar, U. (2022). Emotion regulation and subjective well-being among parents of children with behavioral and emotional problems–the role of self-compassion. Current Psychology, 1-12. doi: 10.1007/s12144-022-03228-2
Waddington, K. (2021). Introduction: Why compassion? why now? In Towards the Compassionate University (pp. 5-22). Routledge.
Wells, A. (2002). Emotional disorders and metacognition: Innovative cognitive therapy. John Wiley & Sons.
Wells, A., Reeves, D., Capobianco, L., Heal, C., Davies, L., Heagerty, A., ... & Fisher, P. (2021). Improving the Effectiveness of Psychological Interventions for Depression and Anxiety in Cardiac Rehabilitation: PATHWAY—A Single-Blind, Parallel, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Group Metacognitive Therapy. Circulation, 144(1), 23-33. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052428
Wells, A., Reeves, D., Heal, C., Fisher, P., Doherty, P., Davies, L., Heagerty, A., & Capobianco, L. (2022). Metacognitive therapy self-help for anxiety-depression: Single-blind randomized feasibility trial in cardiovascular disease.  Health Psychology, 41(5), 366–377. doi: 10.1037/hea0001168

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics