Explaining Biological, Psychological, and Social Factors in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Thematic Analysis

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of psychology Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad Univercity Tebran Iran

2 Department of Educational Psychology , NT.C. , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran

3 Faculty of Psychology and Education, Allame tabatabaei University,Tehran ,Iran

4 Department of psychology Central Tehran Branch,Islamic Azad University,Tehran ,Iran

10.22098/jrp.2026.18997.1349

Abstract

Introduction:The purpose of this study is to examine the complex interplay among biological, psychological, and social factors underlying the absence of suffering, and the emergence and manifestation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Methods:The scope of this research encompassed peer-reviewed publications from the period 1958 to 2024, which were systematically analyzed using databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, following established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ultimately, relevant studies were included for thematic synthesis.

Participants:The present study employed a descriptive systematic review design utilizing the Attride-Stirling network thematic analysis approach.

Measures:For data analysis, basic, organizing, global, and supra-global themes were identified. Findings revealed 25 basic themes, 8 organizing themes, and 4 global themes, namely: (1) resilience in the experience of trauma, (2) dysregulation of body–brain systems, (3) preoccupation, and (4) emotional embodiment.

Procedure: The integration of these four global themes culminated in the identification of the supra-global theme of the limit cycle.

Results: The findings highlight the necessity of a personalized approach to diagnosing PTSD and underscore the critical role of emotional embodiment and systemic regulation in therapeutic processes.

Keywords

Journal of Research in Psychopathology

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 03 June 2026

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